Spending time in the sun can be fun, but if you stay out too long, you can get more than just a mild sunburn. Sun poisoning is a severe form of sunburn that can cause painful symptoms and, in some cases, you may need to see a doctor. In this guide, we'll cover the causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention methods for sun poisoning.
What is Sun Poisoning?
Sun poisoning is a term used to describe an extreme sunburn that occurs when you spend too much time in the sun without protection. Unlike a typical sunburn, sun poisoning has more intense symptoms like blistering, swelling, and flu-like reactions. It’s a more severe form of UV damage to the skin and can happen if you’ve been out in the sun for too long without protection, like sunscreen, clothing, or shade.
Types of Sun Poisoning
There are two main types of sun poisoning:
1. Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE)
The most common form of sun poisoning is Polymorphous Light Eruption (PMLE). It causes a rash or blisters to form on your skin after you are exposed to sunlight, especially if you're not used to being in intense sunlight. If you have PMLE, you might get a rash or blisters if you spend too much time in the sun without protection.
2. Solar Urticaria
Solar Urticaria is a rare condition where the skin develops hives (itchy, red, raised welts) within minutes of sun exposure. It can be more dangerous than other forms of sun poisoning, as it can cause a severe allergic reaction. Symptoms can include itching, redness, swelling, and in severe cases, even trouble breathing.
Causes of Sun Poisoning
Sun poisoning occurs when your skin is overexposed to UV rays from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Several factors can increase your risk of sun poisoning:
Prolonged sun exposure
Spending too much time outdoors without proper skin protection, such as sunscreen, clothing, and shade, is a leading cause of sun poisoning. This is because prolonged exposure to UV rays can cause skin damage.
Fair skin
People with lighter skin tones have less melanin, which makes them more prone to sunburn and sun poisoning. If you have fair skin, you should be extra careful when spending time in the sun and use sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent sun damage.
High altitudes or tropical locations
UV rays are stronger at high altitudes, such as in mountains or at the beach, and in tropical locations, such as in the tropics. Because of this, the risk of sun poisoning is higher in these areas. So, if you’re in a high altitude or tropical location, be sure to take extra care to protect your skin from the sun.
Certain medications
Some medicines, such as antibiotics or acne medicines, can make the skin more sensitive to UV rays, which can increase the risk of sun poisoning. If you’re taking any medications, talk to your doctor to see if they might make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
Using tanning beds
Artificial UV rays from tanning beds can also cause sun poisoning, especially with repeated exposure. Tanning beds emit the same harmful UV rays as the sun and can lead to sun poisoning, even if you don't spend much time in the sun. It's best to avoid tanning beds altogether and rely on natural methods, such as self-tanning lotions or spray tans, for a safe and healthy sun-kissed glow.
Symptoms of Sun Poisoning
The symptoms of sun poisoning can vary depending on how much sun exposure you have had, but common signs include:
Severe sunburn
Severe sunburn causes red, swollen, and painful skin that may blister. The skin may feel hot to the touch and be sensitive to the touch. If you have a severe sunburn, it's important to take steps to protect your skin and prevent further damage.
Blisters
Fluid-filled blisters can form on the skin in response to intense UV damage. These blisters can be very painful and may take some time to heal. If you have blisters, it’s important to avoid popping or picking at them, as this can increase the risk of infection.
Nausea and vomiting
Some people may feel physically sick after severe sun exposure. This is because the body is trying to protect itself from the damage caused by the UV rays, and this can lead to symptoms like nausea and vomiting. If you’re feeling nauseous or vomiting after spending time in the sun, it’s important to rest and drink plenty of fluids.
Fever and chills
You may develop a fever or experience chills as your body reacts to the sun poisoning. This is because the body is trying to fight off the damage caused by the UV rays, and this can lead to symptoms like fever and chills. These symptoms can be uncomfortable and make it hard to get comfortable or sleep.
Headache and dizziness
Headaches and dizziness can be symptoms of sun poisoning, caused by dehydration as your body loses fluids in the hot sun. These symptoms can make you feel quite uncomfortable and can be a sign that you need to cool down and rehydrate. If you're experiencing headaches or dizziness after being in the sun, it's important to drink plenty of water and rest in a cool place to help your body recover.
Swelling
The areas of the skin that are affected by sun poisoning may become swollen, especially around the face and lips. This is because the body is trying to protect itself from the damage caused by the UV rays, and this can lead to swelling. The swelling can be uncomfortable and make it hard to eat or talk.
Fatigue
The body’s reaction to sun poisoning can leave you feeling exhausted. This is because the body is trying to repair the damage caused by the UV rays, and this can take a lot of energy. Fatigue can make it hard to do normal activities and may make it hard to concentrate or think clearly.
How is Sun Poisoning Diagnosed?
A doctor typically diagnoses sun poisoning by looking at the visible symptoms and asking about recent sun exposure. In some cases, they may also do blood tests or take a sample of your skin to check for infection or complications caused by the sunburn. If you experience flu-like symptoms or severe blistering, it’s important to seek medical advice.
Treatment for Sun Poisoning
Treating sun poisoning focuses on relieving symptoms and promoting healing. Some common treatment approaches include:
1. Hydration
It's important to drink plenty of water to stay hydrated when you have sun poisoning. Sun poisoning can cause the skin to lose a lot of fluid, which can lead to dehydration if you don't replenish it by drinking water. If you're unsure if you're drinking enough, check your urine - it should be light yellow or clear.
2. Cool compresses
Applying a cool, damp cloth to the affected skin can help soothe burns and reduce swelling. Use a clean cloth or towel that's been soaked in cold water and wrung out, then place it on the affected area for 15-20 minutes at a time. This can help provide relief from the discomfort of sun poisoning.
3. Aloe vera
Using aloe vera gel can provide relief from burning and inflammation. Aloe vera has long been used to soothe sunburns, and it can be helpful for sun poisoning as well. You can buy aloe vera gel at most drugstores or use aloe straight from the plant if you have one.
4. Pain relievers
Over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help reduce pain and inflammation. These medications are commonly used to treat sunburns and can also be helpful for sun poisoning. Make sure to follow the instructions on the medication and consult with your doctor if you have any concerns.
5. Avoiding further sun exposure
Stay indoors and out of the sun until your skin has healed. Sun poisoning can make your skin more sensitive to the sun, so it's important to avoid any further sun exposure until your skin has had a chance to heal. This means staying indoors or wearing protective clothing if you have to go outside.
6. Moisturizers
Apply fragrance-free moisturizers to keep your skin hydrated as it heals. Sun poisoning can dry out your skin, so it's important to use a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer to help keep it hydrated. This can help your skin heal and prevent any long-term damage.
7. Medical attention
In severe cases, such as if you experience a high fever, vomiting, or dehydration, you should seek immediate medical care. If you have severe symptoms or if you're concerned about your symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention right away. Your doctor can help you manage your symptoms and prevent any long-term damage.
Preventing Sun Poisoning
Sun poisoning is highly preventable with the right precautions. To protect yourself from severe sunburn and UV damage, here are some things you can do:
1. Wear sunscreen
Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapply it every two hours, or more frequently if you're swimming or sweating. Broad-spectrum means that the sunscreen will protect you from both UVA and UVB rays, and SPF 30 or higher will provide good protection from the sun's harmful rays.
2. Cover up
Wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and long sleeves when you're outside in the sun. These items will help protect your skin from the sun's harmful rays and can help prevent sun poisoning. If you don't have a hat, you can also use an umbrella to provide shade.
3. Seek shade
Try to stay in the shade as much as possible, especially during peak sun hours between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. The sun is strongest during these hours, so staying in the shade can help protect your skin from the harmful UV rays that can cause sun poisoning.
4. Avoid tanning beds
Artificial UV rays from tanning beds can be just as harmful as the sun and increase the risk of sun poisoning. Although tanning beds may seem like a safe way to get a tan, the UV rays can cause damage to your skin and increase your risk of sun poisoning. To protect your skin, avoid tanning beds and instead opt for sunless tanning products if you want a tanned appearance.
5. Check medications
Be aware of any medications you are taking that might increase your sensitivity to the sun. Some medications can make you more sensitive to UV rays, which can increase the risk of sun poisoning. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are unsure.
When to See a Doctor
Sun poisoning can sometimes require medical intervention. You should see a doctor if:
Blisters: You have a lot of big or small blisters that cover a large area of your skin. If these blisters become infected, they can cause serious problems. If you notice blisters that are causing you a lot of pain or look like they might be infected, it’s important to see a doctor right away.
Fever: If you develop a high fever (above 100.4°F or 38°C) after sun exposure, it could be a sign of a more serious problem. A fever can be a sign of an infection or another health issue and should be treated right away. If you have a high fever, it’s important to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Dehydration: Symptoms like dizziness, nausea, or confusion can indicate dehydration, which can be a serious problem if not treated quickly. Dehydration can happen when you lose too much fluid from your body, which can be caused by things like not drinking enough water or spending too much time in the sun. If you think you might be dehydrated, it’s important to drink plenty of water and see a doctor right away.
Infection: If blisters become infected, marked by increased redness, swelling, or pus, it can be a serious problem. Infections can happen when germs get into the skin through open sores, like blisters. Infections need to be treated quickly to prevent them from spreading or causing more harm. If you think you might have an infection, it’s important to see a doctor right away.
Severe pain: If your sunburn is extremely painful and over-the-counter remedies like painkillers and aloe vera gel aren’t providing relief, it could be a sign of a more serious problem. Extreme pain can be a sign of sun poisoning or another health issue and should be treated right away. If you’re experiencing extreme pain, it’s important to see a doctor to make sure you get the right treatment.
At Center One Medical, your skin health is our priority. If you're experiencing symptoms of sun poisoning or need expert guidance on skin care, our team of experienced medical professionals is here to help. We're committed to your well-being and want to help you enjoy the sun safely. Contact us and schedule an appointment today to learn more about protecting your skin. Let us be your partner in achieving optimal skin health.
Conclusion
Sun poisoning is a serious condition that can happen when you spend too much time in the sun. It's more intense than a regular sunburn and can cause painful blisters, flu-like symptoms, and even dehydration or infection if not treated. It's important to recognize the symptoms early and see a doctor if you're experiencing them. The best way to prevent sun poisoning is to be careful in the sun. Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid spending too much time in the sun. If you start to feel sick or your symptoms get worse, see a doctor right away for proper treatment.
FAQs
1. How to know if you have sun poisoning?
You may have sun poisoning if you experience severe sunburn, painful blisters, swelling, fever, chills, nausea, dizziness, or headaches after sun exposure. These symptoms often develop within hours of being in the sun and can be a sign that your body is having a serious reaction to the sun.
2. What’s the difference between sunburn and sun poisoning?
Sunburn is when your skin is damaged by the sun's UV rays and becomes red and painful. Sun poisoning is a more serious condition that happens when your body has an intense reaction to the sun's UV rays. With sun poisoning, you may experience symptoms like blisters, fever, and flu-like signs. Sun poisoning is much more severe than sunburn and should be treated right away.
3. What does sun poisoning look like?
Sun poisoning usually appears as a severe sunburn with redness, blisters, and swelling. It may also cause a rash, peeling skin, or hives. Sun poisoning can make your skin look very red, swollen, and painful.
4. Can I get sun poisoning on a cloudy day?
Yes, UV rays can penetrate clouds, meaning you can still get sun poisoning even on overcast days if you're exposed to the sun for a long time without protection. The clouds can block some of the sunlight, but not all of the UV rays.
5. How long does sun poisoning last?
Mild cases of sun poisoning may last a few days, while more severe cases with blisters and flu-like symptoms could take up to a week or longer to heal fully. Proper care and medical attention can help speed up recovery, but it’s important to remember that everyone heals at their own pace, so it’s best to be patient and give your body the time it needs to recover.